OCPP Backend Software: Expert Guide for EV Infrastructure

Electric vehicle connected to a charging station managed by OCPP backend software.

Did you know that the Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) software powers EV charging communications across 78 countries worldwide? As electric vehicle adoption accelerates, selecting the right OCPP backend software becomes crucial for anyone managing charging infrastructure.

OCPP protocol serves as the communication backbone between charging stations and management systems, ensuring seamless operations. When implementing an EV charging network, your choice of OCPP backend directly impacts interoperability, scalability, and security. Furthermore, the evolution from OCPP 1.6 to the latest 2.0.1 version has introduced advanced features like enhanced smart charging, improved security measures, and Vehicle-to-Grid capabilities.

The right EV charging management software also supports critical functionalities such as load balancing, complex billing solutions, and real-time analytics—all essential components for effectively operating modern charging infrastructure.

This guide examines what you need to know about selecting OCPP platform solutions that align with your specific requirements, ensuring your EV charging network remains future-proof, efficient, and user-friendly.

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OCPP Backend Software and Its Role in EV Infrastructure

The Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) stands as the foundation of modern EV charging infrastructure, serving as a universal language that connects charging hardware with management software. Established in 2009, this protocol has rapidly become the industry standard for EV charging communications worldwide [1].

OCPP Protocol Basics and Communication Flow

At its core, OCPP is an open-source communication protocol that enables seamless interaction between charging stations (charge points) and central management systems. Unlike proprietary protocols, OCPP allows any central system to communicate with any charge point regardless of manufacturer [1]. This standardization essentially eliminates coordination problems that would otherwise hinder the EV market’s growth.

The protocol functions through a structured communication flow:

  1. Connection Establishment: The charging station and management system create a secure two-way connection
  2. Message Exchange: Both systems exchange standardized messages about status, requests, and commands
  3. Data Transmission: Information about charger availability, session status, consumption meters, and diagnostics flows bidirectionally [2]

Currently, three main versions exist: OCPP 1.6 (released 2015), OCPP 2.0.1 (released 2020), and OCPP 2.1 (released 2025) [3]. Each version builds upon its predecessor with enhanced capabilities. OCPP 1.6 remains widely implemented globally, introducing smart charging and WebSocket support for real-time communication [1].

Why Interoperability Matters for EV Charging Networks

Interoperability—the ability of different EVs to seamlessly charge with any charger—forms the cornerstone of effective charging infrastructure. This “handshake” between vehicles and chargers involves bilateral communication that must function flawlessly to ensure consistent charging experiences [4].

The absence of interoperability significantly hinders electric utilities’ ability to manage charging infrastructure securely, cost-effectively, and reliably [5]. Consequently, standardization through OCPP delivers several critical advantages:

  • Vendor Independence: Prevents “stranded assets” by allowing charge point owners to change network operators when needed [1]
  • Expanded Access: EV roaming enables drivers to find and use nearby stations regardless of network provider [6]
  • Reduced Costs: Competition between multiple hardware and software providers drives down costs [7]
  • Simplified Management: Allows remote monitoring, diagnostics, and control of charging stations across diverse networks [8]

For businesses implementing EV infrastructure, tools like Powerly app builder provide OCPP-compliant mobile solutions for Android and iOS, simplifying the management of interoperable charging networks.

Additionally, OCPP enables crucial smart charging functions that balance energy distribution based on grid capacity and availability of clean energy sources [1]. This capability becomes increasingly important as charging networks scale and interact with broader energy systems.

Key Differences Between OCPP 1.6, 2.0, and 2.0.1

The evolution of the OCPP protocol reflects the maturing EV charging ecosystem, with each version addressing specific industry needs while building upon previous capabilities.

Smart Charging and WebSocket Support in OCPP 1.6

Initially released in 2015, OCPP 1.6 introduced groundbreaking smart charging capabilities that transformed how charging networks operate. This version primarily supports load balancing and charge profiles, enabling central systems to influence charging power for specific EVs or manage total energy consumption across charge points. The implementation of JSON over WebSocket (OCPP 1.6J) significantly reduced mobile data costs while improving real-time communications between charging stations and management systems.

OCPP 1.6 offers both SOAP and JSON messaging protocols, providing flexibility for different system integrations. However, this version has limitations—it cannot transmit requested energy amounts (kWh) from charging stations to back-office systems, instead relying on State of Charge percentages for battery status.

Advanced Security and Device Management in OCPP 2.0

OCPP 2.0 substantially enhanced security measures to protect against cyber threats. Specifically, it introduced three distinct security profiles: basic authentication with unsecured transport, TLS with basic authentication, and the most robust option—TLS with client-side certificates for mutual authentication.

Moreover, OCPP 2.0 brought improved device management features that help operators reduce network operating costs through:

  • Comprehensive inventory reporting
  • Enhanced error and state monitoring
  • Improved configuration capabilities
  • Customizable monitoring systems

Plug & Charge and V2G Support in OCPP 2.0.1

Released in 2020, OCPP 2.0.1 represents a major advancement with native support for ISO 15118, enabling the seamless Plug & Charge functionality. This eliminates the need for RFID cards or mobile apps—users simply connect their vehicle and authentication occurs automatically through secure communication protocols.

Furthermore, OCPP 2.0.1 facilitates Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) capabilities, allowing bidirectional energy flow between EVs and the grid. This version supports certificate-based authentication and certificate handling processes that enhance security while simplifying the user experience.

For businesses implementing EV infrastructure, tools like Powerly app builder provide OCPP-compliant mobile solutions for Android and iOS, streamlining management across all protocol versions.

Evaluating OCPP Backend Software for Your Use Case

Selecting the right OCPP backend software requires careful consideration of several key factors that will directly impact your charging infrastructure’s performance and longevity. When evaluating potential solutions, you need to prioritize features that align with both current needs and future expansion plans.

Support for ISO 15118 and Smart Charging Features

Effective OCPP software must support ISO 15118 integration, which enables advanced functionality like Plug & Charge. This feature eliminates the need for RFID cards or mobile apps as vehicles authenticate automatically through secure certificate-based protocols [9]. The seamless authorization process significantly enhances user experience while maintaining robust security.

Smart charging capabilities represent another critical evaluation factor. Look for platforms that allow you to create customized charging profiles for individual stations or groups. These profiles should enable you to adjust power limits based on time schedules, pricing variations, and grid conditions [10]. Notably, advanced systems can integrate with vehicle battery management systems to receive State of Charge data, optimizing charging schedules based on actual battery needs rather than estimates [11].

Scalability and Load Management Capabilities

Dynamic Load Management (DLM) functionality stands out as perhaps the most crucial feature for growing networks. Quality OCPP software distributes available power automatically between connected charging stations, preventing circuit overloads while maximizing infrastructure utilization [12]. This capability allows you to install more charging points without costly electrical upgrades, with some implementations reporting up to 25% reduction in operating costs [13].

When assessing scalability, verify that the platform supports multiple hardware manufacturers—ideally 40+ charging station brands [13]. This hardware-agnostic approach provides flexibility to mix equipment types within a single location without disrupting network performance [14].

Billing, Reporting, and Remote Diagnostics Integration

Comprehensive billing integration enables diverse revenue models including energy-based (per kWh), time-based (per hour), and combined approaches [15]. Effective platforms also support dynamic pricing schedules, idle fees for fully charged vehicles, and user-specific rates [15].

Remote diagnostics capabilities significantly reduce maintenance costs by allowing you to monitor charging station status in real-time, detect issues proactively, and perform troubleshooting without on-site visits [16]. Look for solutions offering detailed error logs, automated alert systems, and remote firmware update capabilities [16].

For implementing these features through mobile applications, consider using Powerly app builder (https://builder.powerly.app/), which provides OCPP-compliant solutions for both Android and iOS platforms, streamlining your charging network management while maintaining full protocol compliance.

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Standardization and Certification: What to Look For

Ensuring compliance and interoperability in your EV charging network requires understanding certification standards and international protocols. As OCPP gains worldwide adoption, certification has become increasingly important for vendors and network operators alike.

OCPP Certification by Open Charge Alliance

The Open Charge Alliance (OCA) provides official certification programs for both OCPP 1.6 and 2.0.1, validating that implementations conform to specifications. Certification options for OCPP 1.6 include full certification (covering core, firmware management, smart charging, reservation, local authorization, and remote trigger), subset certification for charging stations, and security certification [17]. For OCPP 2.0.1, the core profile is mandatory with additional profiles available as options [18].

The certification process involves:

  • Contacting an OCA-approved testing laboratory
  • Testing implementation against the OCPP Conformance Test Tool
  • Receiving verification and certification document
  • Listing in the official OCPP certification register

Pricing varies based on membership status and device type, with discounts available for OCA participants [17][18]. Since April 2025, certification fees have been reduced, making compliance more accessible for developers [17].

Integration with IEC and OASIS Standards

OCPP 2.0.1 received formal recognition as an international standard in 2024, designated as IEC63584 [3]. This milestone followed a fast-track procedure initiated in June 2023, where the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) adopted OCPP 2.0.1 “as-is” [19].

The protocol also aligns with other critical standards including ISO 15118 for vehicle-to-charger communication and various IEC standards for power systems. This integration enables important capabilities like Plug & Charge and Vehicle-to-Grid support [20]. Throughout this standardization journey, OCA maintains the protocol while accommodating feedback from IEC Technical Committees [19].

Importance of Pre-deployment Testing and Whitelisting

Prior to field deployment, thorough testing ensures reliable operation across diverse conditions. Whitelisting—the process of pre-approving specific charger models—provides critical quality assurance. This process typically involves:

  1. Initial validation in test environments [2]
  2. Functionality verification against backend systems [2]
  3. Security assessment and compliance checks [2]

Companies like Virta maintain strict testing requirements before whitelisting devices, preventing poorly designed chargers from entering their networks [2]. Testing verifies critical parameters including authentication processes, offline authorization capabilities, and timeout configurations [21].

For implementing OCPP-compliant mobile solutions that support these standards, Powerly app builder provides Android and iOS development tools that align with certification requirements.

Conclusion

Selecting the right OCPP backend software represents a critical decision for anyone implementing EV charging infrastructure. Throughout this guide, we’ve examined how OCPP serves as the universal communication protocol connecting charging stations with management systems across 78 countries. Additionally, we’ve explored the evolution from OCPP 1.6 to 2.0.1, highlighting significant advancements in smart charging capabilities, security measures, and support for technologies like Plug & Charge and Vehicle-to-Grid integration.

Your choice of OCPP software directly affects interoperability, which eliminates vendor lock-in and expands access for EV users. Consequently, this decision impacts your network’s scalability, security, and long-term viability. When evaluating potential solutions, prioritize platforms that offer robust smart charging features, dynamic load management, comprehensive billing options, and remote diagnostics capabilities.

Certification through the Open Charge Alliance provides assurance that your selected solution meets industry standards. Equally important, pre-deployment testing ensures reliable operation before field implementation. These verification steps help avoid costly issues and service disruptions.

As EV adoption accelerates, future-proofing your charging infrastructure becomes essential. Therefore, consider building your own customized OCPP-compliant mobile applications using the Powerly app builder (https://builder.powerly.app/) to create seamless solutions for both Android and iOS platforms. This approach ensures you maintain full control over your charging network while providing users with an exceptional charging experience.

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Above all, remember that the right OCPP backend software doesn’t just connect charging stations—it creates the foundation for a sustainable, user-friendly EV ecosystem that will support the transportation revolution for years to come.

FAQs

Q1. What is OCPP and why is it important for EV charging? OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol) is a standardized communication protocol that enables seamless interaction between EV charging stations and management systems. It’s crucial for ensuring interoperability, vendor independence, and efficient management of charging networks across different manufacturers and operators.

Q2. How do smart charging features benefit EV charging networks? Smart charging features allow for dynamic power distribution, load balancing, and customized charging profiles. These capabilities optimize energy usage, prevent circuit overloads, and enable charging stations to adapt to grid conditions and pricing variations, ultimately improving efficiency and reducing operational costs.

Q3. What are the key differences between OCPP 1.6 and 2.0.1? OCPP 2.0.1 introduces advanced features like native support for ISO 15118 (enabling Plug & Charge functionality), enhanced security measures, and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) capabilities. While OCPP 1.6 introduced smart charging and WebSocket support, 2.0.1 represents a significant leap in functionality and user experience.

Q4. Why is certification important when choosing OCPP backend software? Certification, such as that provided by the Open Charge Alliance (OCA), ensures that OCPP implementations conform to specifications and standards. This validation is crucial for maintaining interoperability, security, and reliability across diverse charging networks and equipment manufacturers.

Q5. How can businesses implement OCPP-compliant mobile solutions? Businesses can use tools like the Powerly app builder to create OCPP-compliant mobile applications for both Android and iOS platforms. This approach allows for customized, user-friendly interfaces that integrate seamlessly with charging infrastructure while maintaining full protocol compliance and network management capabilities.

References

[1] – https://openchargealliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/OCA-EN_whitepaper_OCPP_vs_proprietary_protocols_v1.0.pdf
[2] – https://www.virta.global/blog/ocpp-why-is-it-important-ev-charging
[3] – https://openchargealliance.org/protocols/open-charge-point-protocol/
[4] – https://evgo.com/blog/vehicle-interoperability-best-practices-to-enhance-the-ev-customer-experience/
[5] – https://www.publicpower.org/resource/interoperability-public-electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure
[6] – https://www.evconnect.com/blog/importance-of-ev-software-interoperability
[7] – https://chargelab.co/industry-advocacy/ocpp
[8] – https://www.euricompany.com/post/understanding-ocpp-its-significance-in-ev-charging-for-residential-and-commercial-applications
[9] – https://www.edrv.io/guide/ocpp-2-0-1-comprehensive-guide
[10] – https://www.ampcontrol.io/ocpp-guide/how-to-use-smart-charging-with-ocpp
[11] – https://www.ampcontrol.io/post/iso-15118-and-ocpp-2-0-the-dream-team-for-smart-charging
[12] – https://www.ampeco.com/blog/ev-charging-backend-platform-checklist/
[13] – https://www.evbbc.com/ocpp-backend/
[14] – https://www.ampeco.com/us/ocpp-open-charge-point-protocol/
[15] – https://www.edrv.io/product
[16] – https://www.ampeco.com/us/ev-charging-platform/remote-management-and-maintenance/
[17] – https://openchargealliance.org/certificationocpp/certification-ocpp-1-6/
[18] – https://openchargealliance.org/certificationocpp/certification-ocpp-2-0-1/
[19] – https://openchargealliance.org/ocpp-on-fast-track-to-an-iec-international-standard/
[20] – https://smartcharging-electricvehicles.medium.com/what-are-ocpp-iec-63110-iso-15118-and-how-do-they-relate-to-v2g-de928153f49
[21] – https://www.bender.de/docs/charge-controller/OCPP/